An octave is the distance from one pitch to the next pitch above or below it that has the same letter name-for example, middle C to the next C above (or below) it. There, we discussed two different intervals: semitones and octaves. In Chapter 5 we introduced the concept of an interval as the perceived distance between two pitches. While the keynote may be the most important and defining pitch of any given scale, it is the organization of the remaining notes-the other six scale degrees-that give each scale its unique identity.
Major scales-and minor scales, as we will discuss shortly-are named after their keynotes: C-major scales have C as their keynote, A b-major scales have A b as their keynote, and so on. Although this scale is spelled in ascending order and begins and ends on the keynote, the letter G is used twice (G and G #).
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